Adak Qurban
Adak (a vow) is to make a permissible act obligatory upon oneself in order to honor Allah the Exalted. Another name for a vow is nadhr. Vowing certain acts of worship purely for the pleasure of Allah the Exalted is acceptable and is a means to earn reward. For example, saying “Let it be my vow, I will fast tomorrow for the sake of Allah!” or “Let it be my vow, I will sacrifice a qurban and distribute it to the poor for the pleasure of Allah the Exalted!”
Ruling of the Adak Qurban
The Adak qurban is an act of worship that must be fulfilled after it is vowed. Because the one making the vow has given a promise to Allah. Promises given to Allah must certainly be fulfilled. Indeed, in the 270th verse of Surah Al-Baqarah, it is commanded: “Allah certainly knows every expenditure you make and every vow you vow. Act accordingly and avoid injustice.”
Conditions for sacrificing an Adak qurban
The person vowing a qurban must be a Muslim and have reached puberty, their mental health must be sound, and the vowed qurban must not already be an obligatory (wajib) act of worship.
When is the Adak Qurban Sacrificed?
After the condition is met, the Adak qurban must be sacrificed without delay. For example, a person who vows, “If I have a child, I will sacrifice a qurban,” must sacrifice their qurban after the child is born. However, if the Adak qurban is not sacrificed despite the condition being met, this vow is to be made up (qada). That is, it must be sacrificed at another time.
The Meat of the Adak Qurban
The meat of an Adak qurban cannot be eaten by the person who made the vow, nor can it be eaten by their spouse, father, mother, grandparents, children, and grandchildren. It must be given as sadaqah to the poor. If they have eaten from it, they are required to give sadaqah equivalent to the value of what they have eaten.
